{"id":27187,"date":"2024-06-14T23:56:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T15:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/?p=27187"},"modified":"2026-04-17T12:48:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T04:48:05","slug":"small-language-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/","title":{"rendered":"The Importance of Small Language Models (SLM) in AI, how is Apple AI different from others?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Small_language_models_vs_large_language_models\" >Small language models vs. large language models<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#The_difference_between_the_two_models\" >The difference between the two models<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#The_number_of_parameters_matters\" >The number of parameters matters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#You_cant_have_your_cake_and_eat_it_too\" >You can&#8217;t have your cake and eat it too<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Artificial_intelligence_large_language_model\" >Artificial intelligence large language model<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Large_language_models_are_powerful_but_impractical\" >Large language models are powerful, but impractical<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Large_language_models_are_difficult_to_promote\" >Large language models are difficult to promote<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#The_more_people_use_it_the_more_successful_it_will_be\" >The more people use it, the more successful it will be<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Advantages_of_small_language_models\" >Advantages of small language models<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Privacy\" >Privacy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Can_be_executed_on_the_terminal_device\" >Can be executed on the terminal device<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Small_language_models_of_three_tech_giants\" >Small language models of three tech giants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#OpenAIs_small_language_model\" >OpenAI\u2019s small language model<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Apple_is_different_from_tech_peers\" >Apple is different from tech peers<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Use_Appless_own_private_cloud_and_chips\" >Use Apples&#8217;s own private cloud and chips<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Apples_approach_to_privacy\" >Apple\u2019s approach to privacy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Adopted_blockchain\" >Adopted blockchain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Restrict_partners_activities\" >Restrict partners&#8217; activities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/#Related_articles\" >Related articles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Small_language_models_vs_large_language_models\"><\/span>Small language models vs. large language models<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_difference_between_the_two_models\"><\/span>The difference between the two models<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Generative artificial intelligence, such as ChapGPT, relies on artificial intelligence models. The function of an artificial intelligence model is basically proportional to the number of parameters it can process. However, the larger the number of parameters, the greater the resources and computing power consumed, and the greater the cost and time required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the AI cost, please see my post of &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/07\/20\/generative-ai-cost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How Much Does Generative AI Cost?<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_number_of_parameters_matters\"><\/span>The number of parameters matters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, if the number of artificial intelligence model parameters is smaller, we call them small models to distinguish them from the large artificial intelligence models at the beginning. As for the number, there is no absolute number as a cutting point. Generally speaking, an artificial intelligence model with 5 or 4 billion parameters can be considered a small model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"You_cant_have_your_cake_and_eat_it_too\"><\/span>You can&#8217;t have your cake and eat it too<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The number of parameters is inversely proportional to the function of a large artificial intelligence or small artificial intelligence model. The choice is a dilemma. It is impossible to have both fish and bear&#8217;s paws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Artificial_intelligence_large_language_model\"><\/span>Artificial intelligence large language model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Large_language_models_are_powerful_but_impractical\"><\/span>Large language models are powerful, but impractical<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Large models are powerful, but impractical. Only a handful of very wealthy listed companies and countries in the world have bottomless pockets and spend at least billions in capital expenditures to continuously invest in updates and build large-scale models that can execute artificial intelligence. Own data center and server equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Large_language_models_are_difficult_to_promote\"><\/span>Large language models are difficult to promote<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For any breakthrough technology to succeed, it must be accepted by the public, otherwise it will not succeed. There are too many examples in history, so I won\u2019t go into detail here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_more_people_use_it_the_more_successful_it_will_be\"><\/span>The more people use it, the more successful it will be<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>What the general public will come into contact with are terminal devices such as mobile phones or computers, not the powerful servers and complex equipment or settings in data centers that engineers or a few people live in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the computing power and storage space of terminal equipment are limited. The more parameters, the stronger the learning ability of the model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_small_language_models\"><\/span>Advantages of small language models<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Privacy\"><\/span>Privacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All large artificial intelligence models need to be connected to the data centers of technology giants through the cloud, processed by remote servers, and then sent back to users. In this process, personal privacy issues will be involved. No one wants Google to publish the sensitive or shameful websites you browse online or visit online!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple insists that it is developing data center and remote server computing methods that are different from other industry peers and adheres to customer privacy. This is different from the current practice in the industry and is much more difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Integrate with third-party artificial intelligence solution providers (such as signed OpenAI, possible partners such as Google, Meta, Baidu, Alibaba, etc.) through Apple&#8217;s unique Private Cloud Compute (PCC) , so that both Apple and its partners can benefit and achieve a win-win situation, and Apple can have the best of both worlds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this is also why Apple has lagged behind in the development of large models of artificial intelligence. However, in just two days after the WWDC in mid-June released its roadmap for the future of artificial intelligence, its stock price rose sharply, and it is the key to regaining the number one market value in the world. one of the reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_be_executed_on_the_terminal_device\"><\/span>Can be executed on the terminal device<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Large artificial intelligence models cannot be executed on terminal devices. The computing power, scale, and storage space of terminal devices are limited. The only alternative is to use a reduced-order artificial intelligence small model from the large artificial intelligence model, so that it can be used on ordinary people&#8217;s mobile phones. and execute on the computer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, the response speed and efficiency of small artificial intelligence models that run on ordinary people&#8217;s mobile phones and computers will be much better because they do not need to be connected to the remote end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Small_language_models_of_three_tech_giants\"><\/span>Small language models of three tech giants<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following is a comparison of the number of parameters of the current major artificial intelligence small models:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apple&#8217;s small model has about 3 billion parameters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Microsoft&#8217;s latest Phi-3-mini model only has 3.8 billion parameters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Google&#8217;s Gemini Nano-1 and Nano-2 have only 1.8 billion and 3.25 billion parameters respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"OpenAIs_small_language_model\"><\/span>OpenAI\u2019s small language model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The above three major technology giants consider that they all have their own mobile phones and computer products. In order to execute on their own mobile phones and computers, the number of parameters is basically very small. Let&#8217;s take a look at a small model of OpenAI, which is the most powerful and recognized as the industry&#8217;s leading one. OpenAI currently does not have terminal devices such as mobile phones and computers, so its design is mainly based on functional considerations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/supernormal.com\/blog\/gpt-4-vs-gpt-4o\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OpenAI&#8217;s GPT-4o is a small model optimized based on the large ChatGPT 4.0 model<\/a>.  GPT-4 is the latest language model developed by OpenAI, with a staggering number of parameters of 1.76 trillion. In comparison, GPT-3, the largest current language model, has 175 billion parameters, and GPT-2 has 1.5 billion parameters. The PaLM-E released by Google contains 562 billion parameters, and GPT-4 contains trillions of parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The GPT-4o model, according to the OpenAI API documentation, has a maximum syntax unit (token) limit of 128,000. Microsoft\u2019s Copilot+ PCs use OpenAI\u2019s GPT-4o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apple_is_different_from_tech_peers\"><\/span>Apple is different from tech peers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_Appless_own_private_cloud_and_chips\"><\/span>Use Apples&#8217;s own private cloud and chips<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple&#8217;s artificial intelligence model uses a private cloud built by Apple itself and does not use other companies&#8217; data centers. In addition, Apple&#8217;s data center will use its own artificial intelligence processor design instead of Nvidia&#8217;s chips commonly used in the industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through its own software and hardware equipment, Apple will have absolute control over artificial intelligence, thereby protecting the rights and interests of customers and building functions that are different from others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Apples_approach_to_privacy\"><\/span>Apple\u2019s approach to privacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple said that a major feature of Apple Intelligence is the use of private cloud computing to flexibly adjust and expand its computing capabilities, such as calling larger server-based models in the face of complex requests, and these models will be powered by Apple chips. running on the driven server. With such a hardware foundation, Apple can ensure that data will not be stored or exposed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple Intelligence consists of two basic models: one is a local model that can be run on terminals such as mobile phones, and the other is a large model that needs to be calculated in the cloud and connected to ChatGPT. The former is a &#8220;small language model&#8221; with 3 billion parameters, while the latter&#8217;s language model parameters are in megabytes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To protect user privacy, Apple&#8217;s local models never use users&#8217; private data for training. For those requests that cannot be processed by the IOS system, they will be forwarded to ChatGPT. In this way, users must know that if the AI&#8217;s answer is unsatisfactory, the responsibility lies with GPT and not Apple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adopted_blockchain\"><\/span>Adopted blockchain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At the WWDC conference, Apple Senior Vice President of Software Craig Federighi mentioned that Apple\u2019s artificial intelligence model uses a private cloud built by Apple itself and uses \u201cblockchain-like\u201d technology to protect privacy. Used to verify the correct operating system and software; it includes three parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adopting the most respected transparent and tamper-proof logs of blockchain, that is, encryption during data transmission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compare on the user&#8217;s device to ensure that the system and software are the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Virtual environment using Apple PCC software, executed on Apple-equipped devices. Confirm that the signature comparison is consistent to prevent it from being changed during the process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Restrict_partners_activities\"><\/span>Restrict partners&#8217; activities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The first is that Apple\u2019s cooperation with OpenAI is not exclusive; in fact, Apple is already negotiating similar cooperation with other artificial intelligence companies such as Google, Baidu and Anthropic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple will decide which partner manufacturer&#8217;s response is most beneficial based on Apple&#8217;s role and the needs of users. For example, in the Chinese environment, if there is no accident, Baidu&#8217;s Ernie Bot large language model will be adopted; because regardless of the overall performance of the model, Chinese grammar and complexity, Baidu&#8217;s accumulated data and experience over the years are far beyond Google or what OpenAI can provide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As currently confirmed, ChatGPT-4o provided by OpenAI will only be available as an option when using Siri or a writing tool. And Apple will remind you every time that you will send data to ChatGPT for analysis of article data, thereby providing user data and privacy protection, and obtaining user confirmation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, when users connect to ChatGPT through Apple devices, Apple obfuscates or hides the user&#8217;s IP address, which also makes it difficult for ChatGPT to correlate multiple conversations to identify the user. Apple also stated in the terms of cooperation signed between the two parties that OpenAI is prohibited from obtaining the user&#8217;s IP address to prevent abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/06\/slm-Custom.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27188\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">credit: Ideogram<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_articles\"><\/span>Related articles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2026\/04\/16\/history-apple-stock-made\/\">The history Apple stock made<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/08\/12\/apple-tariff-crisis\/\">Apple&#8217;s Crisis Part 1: Apple Tariff Crisis Management Strategy Offers a Lesson for Business<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/09\/06\/apples-ai-lagging-behind\/\">Apple&#8217;s Crisis Part 2: Apple&#8217;s AI is seriously lagging behind<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/10\/20\/china-to-apple\/\">Apple&#8217;s Crisis Part 3: How important is China to Apple?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/08\/10\/apple-top-three-crises\/\">Apple top three crises since its founding<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/02\/08\/deepseek-rout\/\">DeepSeek routed the global AI and stock<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/02\/12\/chinese-ai-companies\/\">Chinese AI progress and top companies<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2025\/02\/02\/ai-agent-software-trend\/\">AI Agent will be the next wave of software industry<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/10\/09\/geoffrey-hinton-nobel-prize\/\">Geoffrey Hinton, 2024 Nobel Physics winner, inadvertently helped Nvida transform to AI overlord<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/10\/12\/nobel-chemistry-ai-expert\/\">2024 Nobel Chemistry Prize awarded to 3 AI experts, accurately predict the 3D structure of proteins<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/06\/14\/small-language-models\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Importance of Small Language Models (SLM) in AI, how is Apple AI different from others?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/08\/09\/apple-google-antitrust\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why Apple plummeted by Google antitrust ruled a monopoly?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/07\/20\/generative-ai-cost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How Much Does Generative AI Cost?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2023\/10\/02\/ai-bubble\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The artificial intelligence bubble in the capital market is forming<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/05\/31\/ai-benefits-industries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Artificial intelligence benefits industries<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/05\/03\/supermicro-is-not-worth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Supermicro, a repeat offender of scandals, valuation is not justified and unsustanable, no worth for long-term holding<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/04\/06\/artificial-intelligence-listed-companies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Top five lucrative artificial lucrative intelligence listed companies<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2021\/07\/09\/ai-investment-trap\/\">Artificial intelligence investment trap<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/&quot;&quot;&quot;&quot;how%20does%20the%20all-powerful%20huawei%20make%20money\/?%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How does the all-powerful Huawei make money?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2023\/04\/11\/us-artificial-intelligence\/\">Major artificial intelligence companies in US stocks market<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2023\/04\/03\/openai-and-chatgpt\/\">OpenAI, the Generative Artificial Intelligence rising star and ChatGPT<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2023\/03\/04\/data-center-a-rapidly-growing-semiconductor-field\/\">Data center, a rapidly growing semiconductor field<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2021\/06\/18\/consider-alphabet-if-you-can-buy-one-stock-only-to-retire-from-it\/\">Consider Alphabet if you can buy one stock only to retire from it? <\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2021\/06\/07\/how-microsoft-makes-money-where-is-the-future\/\">How Microsoft makes money? What&#8217;s the next?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2021\/06\/24\/nvidia-changes-gaming-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2021\/06\/24\/nvidia-changes-gaming-rules\/\">How does nVidia make money? nVidia is changing the gaming rules<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2023\/07\/02\/revisiting-nvidia\/\">Revisiting Nvidia: The Absolute Leader in Artificial Intelligence, Data Center, and Graphics<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2022\/04\/22\/amd-make-money\/\">How AMD makes money? A rare case of turning defeat into victory<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/02\/05\/amd-jaw-dropping\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why is AMD\u2019s performance so jaw-dropping?<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2021\/07\/23\/significant-changes-in-broadcoms-business-approach\/\">How does Broadcom make money? Significant changes in business approach<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/12\/16\/capital-alchemy-repurchase\/\">Apple&#8217;s multiple LT compound capital alchemy is repurchase, 41.9% shares reduced in 12 years<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/2024\/12\/18\/apple-repurchase\/\">Apple repurchase, Nvidia capital operation, Tesla, AI bubble, Willow quantum chip, this blog turns off comments<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Disclaimer<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>The content of this site is the author\u2019s personal opinions and is for reference only. I am not responsible for the correctness, opinions, and immediacy of the content and information of the article. Readers must make their own judgments.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>I shall not be liable for any damages or other legal liabilities for the direct or indirect losses caused by the readers&#8217; direct or indirect reliance on and reference to the information on this site, or all the responsibilities arising therefrom, as a result of any investment behavior.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The number of parameters is inversely proportional to the function of a large language models or small language  models. The choice is a dilemma. It is impossible to have both fish and bear&#8217;s paws.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104,1305,114,122],"tags":[2,97,95,3],"class_list":["post-27187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-diversified-conglomerate-group","category-new-technology","category-software","tag-aapl","tag-goog","tag-googl","tag-msft"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27187"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41711,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27187\/revisions\/41711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}