{"id":32094,"date":"2023-09-06T23:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T15:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/?p=32094"},"modified":"2024-09-21T11:37:26","modified_gmt":"2024-09-21T03:37:26","slug":"%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u4e0a\u5e02\u8981\u9ede"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6458\u9304\u81ea<a href=\"https:\/\/berkshirehathaway.com\/letters\/1988.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5df4\u83f2\u72791988\u5e74\u7684\u80a1\u6771\u4fe1<\/a>\u3002\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u80a1\u6771\u4fe1\u5f8c\u9762\u9644\u6709\u6211\u5011\u5beb\u7d66\u80a1\u6771\u6709\u95dc\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u639b\u724c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5c0d\u5916\u6b63\u5f0f\u8072\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u986f\u793a\/\u96b1\u85cf\u5167\u5bb9\u76ee\u9304\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F\" >\u4e0a\u5e02\u65e5\u671f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E6%8E%9B%E7%89%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84\" >\u639b\u724c\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D\" >\u4ea4\u6613\u55ae\u4f4d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E8%B2%A0%E8%B2%AC%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%95%86\" >\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5546<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E6%8E%9B%E7%89%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9\" >\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u639b\u724c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9F%E6%9C%9B%E7%9A%84%E8%82%A1%E6%9D%B1%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B\" >\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u80a1\u6771\u985e\u578b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/09\/06\/%e6%b3%a2%e5%85%8b%e5%a4%8f%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%82%e8%a6%81%e9%bb%9e\/#%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0\" >\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F\"><\/span>\u4e0a\u5e02\u65e5\u671f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u65bc1988\u5e741 1\u670829\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u8b49\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u639b\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%8E%9B%E7%89%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84\"><\/span>\u639b\u724c\u7684\u76ee\u7684<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u639b\u724c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\u8b49\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u50f9\u5dee\u6703\u6bd4\u5728\u6ac3\u6aaf\u8cb7\u8ce3\u8981\u4f86\u5f97\u5c0f\u7684\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D\"><\/span>\u4ea4\u6613\u55ae\u4f4d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ea4\u6613\u55ae\u4f4d\u662f10\u80a1\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u662f1\u80a1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u8cb7\u8ce3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%B2%A0%E8%B2%AC%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E5%95%86\"><\/span>\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5546<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ca0\u8cac\u8cb7\u8ce3\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u80a1\u4efd\u7684\u662fHenderson\u5144\u5f1f\u516c\u53f8-\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u4e2d\u4e00\u5bb6\u8001\u724c\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u524d\u8eabWilliam Thomas Henderson\uff0c\u662f\u57281861\u5e74\u4ee5500\u584a\u7f8e\u91d1\u8cb7\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d(\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u6210\u4ea4\u50f9\u5927\u7d04\u662f62.5\u842c\u7f8e\u91d1)\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u670954\u5bb6\u4ea4\u6613\u516c\u53f8\u7576\u4e2d\uff0cHBI\u5171\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u591a\u768483\u7a2e\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7d66HBI\u8ca0\u8cac\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u611f\u5230\u76f8\u7576\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u8a72\u516c\u53f8\u8ca0\u8cac\u4ebaJim Maguire\u89aa\u81ea\u8ca0\u8cac\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e<br>\u5230\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4eba\u9078\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E6%8E%9B%E7%89%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9\"><\/span>\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u639b\u724c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u5169\u9ede\u662f\u6211\u5011\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u639b\u724c\u516c\u53f8\u6700\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u7684\u80a1\u50f9\u904e\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u50f9\u503c\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u4ea4\u6613(\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u5be6\u8cea\u50f9\u503c\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u80fd\u5920\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u597d)\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u8ddf\u6211\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u80a1\u50f9\u88ab\u904e\u5206\u9ad8\u4f30\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u904e\u5206\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u7684\u80a1\u6771\u7684\u7372\u5229\u8207\u516c\u53f8\u672c\u8eab\u7d93\u71df\u7372\u5229\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u76f8\u7576\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u7684\u80a1\u50f9\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u53cd\u61c9\u4f01\u696d\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5247\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u6bcf\u500b\u80a1\u6771\u5728\u4ed6\u6301\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u4efd\u7684\u671f\u9593\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8207\u516c\u53f8\u672c\u8eab\u71df\u904b\u7684\u7372\u5229\u6210\u7b49\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u4ea4\u6613\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u71df\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u53ea\u6709\u5e7e\u4f4d\u5408\u5925\u4eba\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5408\u5925\u4eba\u6642\u5e38\u9032\u9032\u51fa\u51fa\u5408\u5925\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u7d93\u71df\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u958b\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 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