{"id":32124,"date":"2023-04-27T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T03:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/?p=32124"},"modified":"2024-07-12T10:50:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-12T02:50:27","slug":"%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/27\/%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u696d\u52d9\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u6027\u9ad8\u662f\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u985e\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/berkshirehathaway.com\/letters\/1989.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1989\u5e74\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u7684\u80a1\u6771\u4fe1\u51fd<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4ed6\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u6295\u8cc7\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u985e\u578b\u5fc5\u9700\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u986f\u793a\/\u96b1\u85cf\u5167\u5bb9\u76ee\u9304\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/27\/%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\/#%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E5%8F%AF%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC%E6%80%A7%E5%BE%88%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81\" >\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u6027\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/27\/%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\/#%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%92%8C%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E5%8A%9B\" >\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u548c\u9577\u671f\u7af6\u722d\u529b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/27\/%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\/#%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%B5%E8%B3%BC%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%9B%B8%E7%AC%A6\" >\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f75\u8cfc\u6a19\u6e96\u76f8\u7b26<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/27\/%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\/#%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%B8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9\" >\u6211\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5167\u5bb9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/27\/%e6%a5%ad%e5%8b%99%e5%8f%af%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e6%80%a7%e9%ab%98%e6%98%af%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%9c%80%e5%96%9c%e6%ad%a1%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%81%e6%a5%ad%e9%a1%9e%e5%9e%8b\/#%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0\" >\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E5%8F%AF%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC%E6%80%A7%E5%BE%88%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81\"><\/span>\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u6027\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u5409\u5217\u9019\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u8207\u6211\u5011\u559c\u611b\u7684\u985e\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u8ddf\u6211\u90fd\u719f\u6089\u9019\u500b\u7522\u696d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u9019\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9810\u4f30\uff0c(\u82e5\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8a66\u904e\u5409\u5217\u65b0\u7684\u611f\u61c9\u5f0f\u522e\u9b0d\u5200\uff0c\u8d95\u7dca\u53bb\u8cb7\u4e00\u500b\u4f86\u8a66\u8a66\uff01)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6c92\u6cd5\u5b50\u4f86\u9810\u6e2c\u6295\u8cc7\u9280\u884c\u696d\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u696d\u6216\u662f\u9020\u7d19\u696d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u524d\u666f\uff0c(\u6211\u5011\u57281987\u5e74\u8cb7\u4e0b\u6240\u7f85\u9580\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u53ef\u8f49\u63db\u50b5\u5238)\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u8ca0\u6578\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8ad6\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u8005\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7522\u696d\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u652f\u6301\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7522\u696d\u4e0a\u6240\u91c7\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u597d\u516c\u53f8\u597d\u7522\u696d\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u9084\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u559c\u6b61\u3001\u6b23\u8cde\u4e14\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4eba\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%92%8C%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E5%8A%9B\"><\/span>\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u548c\u9577\u671f\u7af6\u722d\u529b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/berkshirehathaway.com\/letters\/1991.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1991\u5e74\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u7684\u80a1\u6771\u4fe1\u51fd<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7247\u6bb5\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u4ed6\u6301\u7e8c\u6240\u8981\u627e\u5c0b\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300c\u5177\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u300d\u66f4\u662f\u4ed6\u6240\u9ede\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u6211\u5011\u9084\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u5927\u578b\u7684\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u4ee4\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u89e3\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u4e14\u8b93\u4eba\u5782\u6d8e\u4e09\u5c3a\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7531\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u624d\u5e79\u4e26\u4ee5\u80a1\u6771\u5229\u76ca\u70ba\u512a\u5148\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fdd\u8b49\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u6295\u8cc7\u4e26\u4e14\u78ba\u4fdd\u6211\u5011\u7684\u88ab\u6295\u8cc7\u516c\u53f8\u7e3e\u6548\u8868\u73fe\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7576\u521d\u6240\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u65b9\u6cd5-\u5c0b\u627e\u7522\u696d\u7684\u8d85\u7d1a\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u8ddf\u6211\u7684\u5929\u8cc7\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u898f\u6a21\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u9760\u8457\u8cb7\u8ce3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e73\u51e1\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u4f86\u8cfa\u53d6\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0f\u871c\u8702\u98db\u5230\u897f\u3001\u98db\u5230\u6771\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u77ed\u7dda\u9032\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u6a5f\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u6295\u8cc7\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u500b\u6bcf\u5929\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u591c\u60c5\u7684\u82b1\u82b1\u516c\u5b50\u7a31\u4f5c\u70ba\u6d6a\u6f2b\u60c5\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u4eca\u5929\u5047\u8a2d\u6211\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u5929\u5730\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u5967\u746a\u54c8\u5730\u5340\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9996\u5148\u6211\u5011\u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u8a55\u4f30\u6bcf\u5bb6\u4f01\u696d\u9577\u671f\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u529b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6211\u6703\u518d\u8a55\u4f30\u7d93\u71df\u8005\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u518d\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u8cb7\u9032\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u80a1\u6b0a\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u96e8\u9732\u5747\u9711\u5730\u53bb\u8cb7\u93ae\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80a1\u6b0a\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6ce2\u514b\u590f\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u5168\u7f8e\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u4e0a\u5e02\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u63a1\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u8981\u627e\u5230\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a\u597d\u7684\u7d93\u7406\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u8981\u62cb\u68c4\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u904e\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u5c0d\u8c61\u5462?(\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u559c\u6b61\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7a31\u505a\u662f\u72e0\u89d2\u8272)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5ea7\u53f3\u9298\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u8cbb\u529b\u518d\u53bb\u8a66\u5225\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%B5%E8%B3%BC%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%9B%B8%E7%AC%A6\"><\/span>\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f75\u8cfc\u6a19\u6e96\u76f8\u7b26<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/09\/%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%b5%e8%b3%bc%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96\/\">\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u7684\u4f75\u8cfc\u6a19\u6e96<\/a>\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5f9e<a href=\"https:\/\/berkshirehathaway.com\/letters\/1982.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer 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alt=\"\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u6027\" class=\"wp-image-32129\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">credit: dreamstime.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0\"><\/span>\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/09\/%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%b5%e8%b3%bc%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96\/\">\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u7684\u4f75\u8cfc\u6a19\u6e96<\/a>\u300b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/03\/20\/%e5%b7%b4%e8%8f%b2%e7%89%b9%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bb%ba%e6%a7%8b%e4%bb%96%e7%9a%84%e9%95%b7%e6%9c%9f%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e7%b5%84%e5%90%88%e7%9a%84\/\">\u5df4\u83f2\u7279\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u69cb\u4ed6\u7684\u9577\u671f\u6295\u8cc7\u7d44\u5408\u7684<\/a>\u300b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.granitefirm.com\/blog\/blog\/2023\/04\/05\/%e6%8a%95%e8%b3%87%e4%ba%ba%e5%88%a5%e7%9b%b8%e4%bf%a1%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac\/\">\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u8ca1\u52d9\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u6295\u8cc7\u4eba\u5225\u8f15\u6613\u76f8\u4fe1<\/a>\u300b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-b602cc2b-45ae-45c0-a24c-5bec9bc06f95\"><em><strong>\u91cd\u8981\u8072\u660e<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul 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