The importance of cash, Apple’s experience in using cash

Apple, managed by Steve Jobs, adopted a conservative financial policy and reserved more cash for the company’s research and development and operations. This was not unreasonable at the time, but Cook’s financial management was more efficient.

Risk vs Uncertainty

Risk vs uncertainty: risk is predictable, uncertainty is not. Risk refers to a known probability, which can be measured as long as there is a number. You can use it as a basis for assessing risk. Risk is predictable, uncertainty is not.

How many stock investors are there in each country around the world?

According to the results of the Gallup census in 2024, 62% of Americans are stock investors; there are 220 million individual investors who have opened accounts in the history of China’s A-shares; according to data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange, the cumulative number of accounts opened by the end of 2023 was 12.51 million.

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